Vitamins are organic substances that help regulate cell functions; they are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) or water-soluble (the B vitamins and vitamin C).
Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body’s fat tissue for relatively long periods of time, whereas water-soluble vitamins are usually flushed out through the urine and need to be replenished frequently.
Minerals
Minerals are elements used in the body to regulate chemical reactions and form body structures. They are found in a wide variety of foods and are classified as major or trace minerals based on the amount you need daily.
The major minerals include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. The trace minerals include iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodide, fluoride, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. Eating a variety of foods maximizes your chances of consuming adequate amounts of minerals.